Vegetables
- Bees, Gardening adventures, Grains, Permaculture and Edible Forest Gardening Adventures, Ponds, Vegetables
What’s Happening in the Veggie Beds
“When planting seeds plant four in a row: one for the mouse, one for the crow, one to rot and one to grow.” (unknown).
I know what you’re thinking; you’re thinking, “Oh, no! Not more about peas again!” Well, yes, a little more about peas. It was time for them to go. I grew most of them from old seed just to use it up and to set nitrogen in the soil, since they are legumes. Some plants even had powdery mildew on them, which surprised me.
I had to cut the plants off at the roots instead of doing it the easy way and pulling up the whole plants.
Since I’d hurt my right wrist a few weeks ago and I still haven’t allowed it to heal enough, the cutting wasn’t a fun job. It was worth it, though. I left the roots with their nitrogen-fixing nodules in the ground where they would do the most good.
Then I took all the pea vines up to the driveway, set up a chair, put on shorts and stuck my pale legs in the sun, plugged in an audiobook, and spent about an hour and a half tearing pea pods off of all the vines.
That night after dinner I began sorting through the pods and shelling them. I’m still not done.
I managed about half a big bowl of peas, which I sleepily shoved into the refrigerator before stumbling up to bed. My son was very calm in the morning when he told me about his surprise when he went for a midnight snack and spent about half an hour gathering up peas from the floor and adjacent rooms. I worked on more peas tonight. I’ve already frozen a couple of bags for our use; the rest will be frozen and used to feed the tortoises and chickens. All those pods and vines will combine with trash cans full of weeds I’ve been pulling along with kitchen trash to reconstruct my compost pile.
But there is life beyond peas. There are beans! I’ve planted several types of beans this year. Fresh green beans as well as soup beans and pinto beans. I’ve created two new raised beds and set them off from the rest of the garden. In them I’ve planted sugar baby watermelon, green melon, sugar baby pumpkin, and butternut squash.
These vines will grow out rather than over other garden beds. In the middle of the beds I’ve planted pickling cucumbers, baby corn and pinto beans. They will all grow tall above the vines writhing and twining below. ( Hmm. Note to self: stay away from vine beds at night.)
Here’s an interesting piece of trivia: most gardeners have heard about ‘the three sisters’, which are the Native American pairing of corn, beans and squash. Actually, it should be four sisters, at least for Southwest Indians. The concept of the ‘sisters’ is that they form a complete plant ‘guild’. In other words, these three planted in combination produce more food than any one planted alone. The corn provides a trellis for the beans, the beans are a legume that fix nitrogen in the soil with nodules on their roots that feed off of sugars secreted by the corn roots (all this going on beneath your feet! Yikes!), and the squash forming a cooling, weed-suppressing ground cover that also deters raccoons (notorious corn-eaters who don’t like to walk through the vines). What is missing is a plant to attract and feed the pollinators. In the Southwest Anasazi settlements it was Rocky Mountain bee plant (Cleome serrulata), which has edible parts to it and fixes iron (the Anasazi used it as a dye plant as well as food). With an edible plant guild, we feed the soil and the pollinators as well as ourselves. You can read more about this in the fantastic book on permaculture by Toby Hemenway, Gaia’s Garden. An excerpt is right here: http://patternliteracy.com/the_three_sisters_or_is_it_fou I’m trying my fourth sister as dill weed, which is an excellent bee plant because of it’s small umbellate flowers. Dill also goes well as a flavoring for corn, cucumber and squash, and usually plants that complement each other taste-wise do well planted together, such as basil and tomatoes.
Speaking of which, my garlic/shallot/tomato and basil bed has taken off with the warmer weather. These are slicing tomatoes; I have planted Roma and a yellow variety in other beds.
Where the peas have come out, the broccoli, carrots, parsnips, lettuces, endive and cilantro are doing well. I’ve planted some small eggplant sprouts and more carrot seed so there is a continuous supply.
Organic sweet corn will go into this bed, which will provide shade for the lettuces. Corn of different varieties must not come into silk simultaneously or they will cross-pollinate. The baby corn in the other bed will mature earlier by nature and by planting times. Those little corn ears can be eaten fresh or left to harden to be used for popcorn. The whole ear can be put into a microwave, for those of you who have such a newfangled contraption (I haven’t owned a microwave, um… ever!).
We’ve had new visitors to the garden. Besides my gopher snake friend (see my post Unsticking the Snake of May 14th), who has been seen again, and a longer gopher snake, my son and I saw a king snake whipping down a gopher hole in the lower Bee Garden, and then today this fellow came through the Chicken Tractor then through the Swiss chard and onion bed, and across the property.
I’ve only seen one king snake in the yard who shows up in the height of summer to look for mice under the bird feeders. The standing water in the pond and the disturbance of the soil has attracted more of these friends, especially since my dogs are elderly and aren’t ‘making the rounds’ like they used to.
Kingsnakes are a little more tetchy than gopher snakes, and will eat other snakes including rattlesnakes. They can be striped or banded, even in the same clutch of eggs. Just like siblings with different hair colors.
Speaking of ponds, the standing water in the lower pond hasn’t receded very much, but has had an algae bloom.
I’m going to have to have a well drilled on site, and have spoken with two well drillers and have received one bid, and am waiting for the third day for a call back. Honestly, is there so much work for some people in this economy that they can’t return phone calls or show up to appointments? During this gardening adventure of the last few months there have been several people of different occupations who just haven’t kept appointments or returned calls although they are still in business and initially shown interest. What’s up? Grrr.
The quinoa (pro: keen– wah) is doing well, and the potatoes are ready to harvest.
Although I planted a whole packet of sunflower seeds throughout the property, only this blue jay-planted one in my strawberry bed came to anything. It looks like a puckered face!
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How to Blanch
When preparing fresh vegetables for the freezer, the best way to do it is to blanch them. Canning vegetables is another method of storage that doesn’t rely on electricity to keep fresh, but I’m not going into canning here. For the freezer storage method, clean the vegetables (which is the most time-consuming part of the whole process. Turn on an audiobook or watch the birds out the window while you work!), then briefly submerge portions in boiling water for a couple of minutes. Immediately plunge them into an ice bath.
The quick cooking softens them and sets their color, and the ice stops the cooking process.
Then you dry the vegetables and freeze them. To dry them off, you can spread them in clean dish towels and squeeze or blot them dry, or you can drag out that old salad spinner that has lived in the cupboard for twenty years and put it to good use. If the veggies are pieces, then for ease of use you separate them on a cookie sheet and freeze for about half an hour or less, then pour them into freezer containers. For clumps, such as with Swiss chard, spinach, kale or other leafy greens, spread them out as thinly as you can on a cookie sheet and freeze, then break up and put into freezer containers. When you go to use them they won’t be frozen into one big blob, and you can use what you want to and reseal. Be sure to mark the container with the date.
I’ve just had an enormous snow pea harvest, as well as three plastic grocery bags stuffed full of Swiss chard. To save water, I cleaned all the chard and a plastic grocery bag half full of snow peas, then blanched the peas first and then the chard. Besides washing the peas and chard (look back a few posts about how to cook Swiss chard), the peas had their stems pinched off and any tough vein stripped from the sides. The chard was de-stemmed and torn up. All this preparation might seem to be too much work. However, I have frozen freshly grown organic vegetables whenever I want them, and there is nothing… I repeat nothing… so good as to eat produce you raised yourself and to feed all that love and care and work and sunshine to your family.
When finished you’ll have a lot of dark water. Don’t throw it out! It is heavy with vitamins from the produce. Some hard-core enthusiasts would add it to soups or smoothies, or drink it. I cool it and water my plants with it. I try to be healthy, but some things are just going too far!
- Gardening adventures, Permaculture and Edible Forest Gardening Adventures, Photos, Vegetables, Vegetarian
Eating from the Garden
Beginning last week, I’ve been able to serve at least one thing from the vegetable garden every night at dinner. Peas, Swiss chard, lettuce, cilantro,radish, more peas, chives, carrots, strawberries, and, of course, peas. I munch as I water and weed, and feel that for a moment, here at least, all is right with the world. Like so many gardeners everywhere, I await the taste of my first tomato, but since my plants are no more than three inches high, I have awhile to wait.
Every year I have a bumper crop of purslane growing as a weed in my beds, and this year is no different. However, I’ve read where purslane has more Omega-3 fatty acids than many fish, something we vegetarians should be aware of. Originally from India, and supposedly Ghandi’s favorite food, this succulent member of the Portulaca family offers other nutritional benefits as well. See http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/purslane.html . If uprooted and left on the soil, the plant uses its stored liquids to produce seed and scatter them. “So there!” it says. I must admit that the thick leaves and stems are off-putting for me texture-wise, but I’ve begun to snap off young stems and include them with the lettuce I’m harvesting. I’ll have to be bold and find better uses for it in my kitchen. After all, its free!
I created two new raised beds, lined with aviary wire (which is a devil to work with. I have scratches all over.)
I still have two more raised bed kits, which I bought last Fall in a clearance sale. I’ve leveled them, placed cardboard on the ground to deter weeds (especially the dreaded Bermuda grass!), used a staple gun to attach aviary wire across the bottom and up the insides a little, then filled with topsoil and very wormy mushroom compost, then watered it all in. I still have to add more good soil, then I’ll mix in some Garden’s Alive non-animal organic vegetable fertilizer and some microbes, just to start the beds off right.
These beds will be for the vining plants such as squash, pumpkin and melons. There is room for vines outside the beds. Already I have the seeds sprouted and awaiting transplanting, but that won’t happen until early next week.
Roger and his crew hauled over prunings from grape growers, and have used them to sparkle up the trellises to wonderful effect.
I think they add a wonderful ethereal look to the structures.
As far as the ponds go, contouring is slowly being done and we all await the coming of the pump on Monday. I will not be blogging for the next few days because I will be attending the Southern California Permaculture Convergence in Malibu http://www.socalconvergence.org/ , and as I will be sleeping in a bunkhouse at Camp Hess, I’m thinking that bringing my laptop would be a bad idea. I’ll take photos and be excited to share what I’ve learned with you when I return. Have a wonderful weekend!
- Gardening adventures, Permaculture and Edible Forest Gardening Adventures, Photos, Vegetables, Vegetarian
My Gardens Today
April and May are months that I often don’t remember when reflecting back at the end of the year. Spring is such a busy season. When I was raising children, and when I was working as a school librarian, these months rushed past in the haste towards summer break. As a gardener, Spring is one season when I turn into one of those Garden Designers London and since it is also the season of intense growth of both weeds and desirables, insects and increasing dryness, and for me and so many others, the inevitable allergies that keep me out of the garden for days. So I thought I’d post photos of my gardens as they stand today, in the middle of April, on threshold of Summer.
I’ll start at my front door and work downhill. The walkway to the front door is lined with purple lantana and a mixture of red geraniums, honeysuckle, butterfly bush and Double Delight rose. It is being enjoyed by my very silly old dog General Mischief, who just realized that I was going to let him into the house. He looks a bit like a vampire dog in this photo, though!
By my front door I have a collection of miscellaneous plants, as most people do. Two staghorn ferns given me by my mother have attached themselves in a very satisfactory way to the chain link fence. There is also a dark red ivy geranium, needlepoint ivy, some bulbs just out of bloom, a traveling (or Egyptian) onion (it’s seeds are bulbets grown on the flower) that my brother gave to me, and some sedums. When I water here I usually disturb a Pacific Chorus Frog or two. I’ve thinned and weeded and replanted this collection, but there are always more that magically appear.
The front yard pond is full of algae, but that is all right for the moment. I don’t want a crystal clear pond; I want habitat. Because of the clear blobs of frog spawn and wriggling tadpoles hiding from the hungry mouths of the mosquito fish I keep the algae until it is no longer inhabited. Waterlilies (even the monster one! Look at other posts for an explaination) are blooming with last weekend’s sudden heat. In the foreground are Jewel Mix nasturiums with heirloom tuberoses emerging, a grey mound of lamb’s ear which has begun to pop up where I don’t expect it, and rosemary by the bird feeders. Our kitchen table has the view of the feeders, and it is from this yard that we count birds seasonally for Cornell University’s Project Feederwatch. Oh, and try not to focus on the weeds, please.
On the South side of my house I’ve painted the wall a Mediterranean blue to reduce the glare and create a colorful backdrop for flowers. I keep annuals in this bed, along with some bulbs and a rose that is still small that my daughter gave to me. In th photo just blooming are naturtium, alyssum, foxglove, pansies, and a delphinium that fell over and started growing upright again. My library window overlooks this yard. I was trying to keep the color scheme focusing on apricot to show up well agains the wall, but I end up planting whatever I want in here. Cosmos have again reseeded and are starting to grow rapidly; they’ll block the window by summer and be full of goldfinches. I’ve also planted a couple of bleeding hearts that I picked up in one of those bulb packages at WalMart. Usually the plant is pretty spent and they aren’t worth the money, but I somehow think that I am rescuing the poor thing. These came up but haven’t yet bloomed.Along my driveway is a Lady Banksia rose that has taken off, along with a bush mallow, a Hidcote lavender, and a late daffodil. Farther along the driveway (not shown) is a Pride of Madera (I love that name!) that is going gangbusters, a small liquidamber, rockrose, a mixture of natives and incidental plants such as a tomato that survived the winter, a Joseph’s Coat rose, and an established pine tree with a crow’s nest at the top. There are other roses and plants here, too, like a prostrate pyracantha for berries, a white carpet rose, native milkweed for the Monarch butterflies (perennial ones; the annuals are usually gone by the time the butterflies migrate here), an apricot penstamon, aloe vera, and probably the kitchen sink, too, if I root around long enough. I love tinkering around with this mess of plants, seeing what will grow and trying new combinations.
In my raised vegetable beds the peas have been producing well. The shorter ones had been nibbled by crows as they were emerging, but after I put a rubber snake amongst them, the nibbling stopped. Potatoes are nearing harvest time, and I’ve already snuck out a few new potatoes and they were very good. Sometimes I’ve had potatoes with brown fiber in them and a bitter taste; no doubt due to irregular watering and soil problems. I worked hard on improving my soil and giving it a boost with natural fertilizers from Gardens Alive. There are so many peas in the garden because I planted all my old packets so that the roots will set nitrogen in the soil.
I also have growing carrots, broccoli, cilantro, parsley, endive, salad mix, parsnip, strawberries, blueberries, breadseed poppies, horseradish, asparagus, bush beans, fava beans, a yellow tomato and a red slicing tomato, garlic, shallots, red and white onions, Swiss chard, leeks, collards and basil. Most are just small guys right now.
In my temporary nursery area I have sprouting pickling cucumbers, zucchini, quinoa (first time!), more basil, Dukat dill, cantalope, and a cooking pumpkin. I’ll sprout more squashes and maybe popcorn and sweet corn soon.This is a view of the middle of my property, from the lower end up.
This is the palm tree walkway as it stands now.
And this is the lower area. Notice the stakes in the ground and the tractors? They are there because today is the day the ponds will be excavated! The rain-catchment ponds, permanent habitat pond and swales will be carved, shaped and filled in the next two days, fed by water from a 4-inch well augered in the lower property. I have hired Aquascape to create habitat and rain catchment ponds; the demostrations of their work look as if humans hadn’t messed with anything. In about an hour from now, the action finally begins! After the ponds are installed, then the final plant guilds will be established, the minor amount of irrigation installed, and that will be that! I’ll keep you posted on pond development! -
How to Cook Swiss Chard
Swiss chard is that bright green leafy vegetable, usually with a red mid vein, that most people inch past in the supermarkets. It looks so darn healthy it is scary, and also looks complicated and possibly bitter. I’ve been growing chard for years. One of the easiest of plants to grow from seed, this perennial in our San Diego climate reseeds itself if you let it. To harvest you cut off all the leaves except a few in the middle (to keep the plant producing food for itself). You can easily feed off of a few of these plants for years.
Chard is Mediterranean, not Swiss, but wherever its from it comes packed with antioxidants and many other great health benefits. There is the most common red veined chard that you see in the supermarket, and there is also white or yellow veined varieties. If you buy a package of seeds called Bright Lights, it contains seeds for a mixture of these. The taste difference is negligible, and since in preparing chard you usually strip the mid vein out, it really doesn’t make much difference except as color variety in the garden.
You can cut the leaves while very young and add them directly to lettuce mixes for salads, especially wilted salads. Or you can stir-fry them up or use them as you would baby spinach. The wonderful thing about chard is that you can use the old leaves as well. Older chard takes a little longer to prepare, but oh, it is worth the effort. To prepare older leaves, I fill half the kitchen sink with water, then with my fingers or a sharp knife, strip the green away from the mid veins and drop the greens into the water.
Wash the greens well. If your garden doesn’t have a lot of mulch around the plants, then there might be soil kicked up on the leaves. Also, look out for any freeloaders such as snails or earwigs. I usually soak the leaves for a while, letting any thing extra float to the top or sink, then drain and rinse again. Squeeze the extra liquid from the greens and you are ready to cook.
If you want to freeze the chard for later, boil water in a big pot (depending on how much chard you have; you can do it in batches, too), then blanch the greens by briefly submerging them in the boiling water, fishing them out and bathing them in cold water to stop the cooking process. Dry the greens and freeze in containers.
This is my recipe for cooking chard, which my kids and I have loved for years. You can prepare it this way and eat directly, or use it as filling for enchiladas, frittatas, empanadas, or any other tas or das you may desire! Photos follow the print version of the recipe.
Chard SauteAuthor: Diane C. KennedyRecipe type: Side DishPrep time:Cook time:Total time:Serves: 4-6Swiss chard is easy to grow and a little more involved to prepare, but oh! how it is worth the effort!Ingredients- 2 tsp olive oil
- 1 large shallot (or half an onion, or a clove or two of garlic)
- ¼ cup vegetable broth or water
- 2 large bunches Swiss chard (or more)
Instructions- Wash, wring out, de-stem and chop large chard leaves.
- In a large saute pan (that is a frying pan with high sides), heat two tablespoons olive oil to medium high. Or, if doing a mondo-huge pile of chard, use a pot.
- Chop one large shallot, or half an onion, or a clove or two of garlic and add to pan.
- If using onion, then allow to cook for a few minutes until softened.
- Add wrung-out Swiss chard and stir a little.
- Add a quarter of a cup of vegetable broth (the greens will still hold water, so you don't need much broth. Or you can add the same amount of water).
- Cover the pan and reduce heat to low.
- Allow chard to steam for about twenty minutes (it should be simmering in there; if it isn't, turn up the heat a little).
- Lift the lid once and stir chard.
- At the end of the cooking time, remove the lid and turn up the heat.
- Allow any extra broth to cook until almost completely gone. Be careful not to scorch!
- Remove from heat, adjust the salt to taste, and serve. I eat it with butter, or sprinkled with Parmesan cheese is also good. Yum!!
Chard Saute
In a large saute pan (that is a frying pan with high sides), heat two tablespoons olive oil to medium high. Or, if doing a mondo-huge pile of chard, use a pot.
Chop one large shallot, or half an onion, or a clove or two of garlic and add to pan.
If using onion, then allow to cook for a few minutes until softened. Add wrung-out Swiss chard and stir a little. Add a quarter of a cup of vegetable broth (the greens will still hold water, so you don’t need much broth. Or you can add the same amount of water). Cover the pan and reduce heat to low. Allow chard to steam for about twenty minutes (it should be simmering in there; if it isn’t, turn up the heat a little). Lift the lid once and stir chard.
At the end of the cooking time, remove the lid and turn up the heat. Allow any extra broth to cook until almost completely gone. Remove from heat, adjust the salt to taste, and serve. I eat it with butter, or sprinkled with Parmesan cheese is also good. Yum!!
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Genetically Modified Foods, and a curious, unrelated photo
Genetically modified food (GMs) are what happens when scientists manipulate cells or even nuclei by inserting genes or viruses to change the DNA. Before GMs farmers would hybridize plants by breeding for preferred character traits. GMs may or may not cause damage to human DNA, but it’s use has escalated the use of pesticides, herbicides and animal cruelty. Since Monsanto, the makers of the herbicide Roundup(tm) are also the leaders in GM food, it seems that they are lining their own pockets by selling products for both cause and effect. If eating GM food is something you’d rather not do, I have just come across a useful article that might help. In the April/May, 2011 Vegetarian Times, there is an article by Neal D. Barnard, MD on the subject. In the article he reveals that manufacturers in the U.S and Canada aren’t required to label GM food. However he says that most US-grown corn, soy, cotton, Hawaiian papaya and canola is GM, but most other fresh fruit or vegetables aren’t, such as apples, oranges, bananas, broccoli. (These, however, are often heavily sprayed with pesticides and need to be washed before eating. The Environmental Working Group http://www.ewg.org/ updates a Dirty Dozen and Clean Fifteen list of produce that is effected most or least by pesticides; you can see that list here: http://www.healthyreader.com/2008/05/13/12-most-contaminated-fruits-and-vegetables/ .)
Dr. Barnard goes on to give these interesting tidbits: The labels on fresh produce carry a four-digit standardized code for cashiers to look up the price of the item, called a PLU (price look-up). If the code is preceded by an 8, it is genetically modified. If preceded by a 9, it is organic, and organics cannot be genetically modified. So watch your tofu packages if you don’t want GM soybeans.
Since becoming a vegetarian some sixteen years ago, I’ve been a label reader (even now when it requires pulling out my glasses or holding a can at arm’s length!). The amount of sodium in foods is outrageous, as is the amount of sweetners such as corn syrup. High amounts of salt and sugar is in there not for taste, but for its addictive qualities. When you eat salt or sugar, just like drinking caffeine, you crave more. As a vegetarian, it’s amazing what meat products are slid into foods, even those toted to be vegetarian. Now there is a more dangerous enemy than bad nutrition in packaged food. In my opinion, it is that of GM food and heavy herbicide and pesticide use. Even more reason to shop locally and organically, or to grow as much food as you can, and read all the labels. I am an ethical vegetarian, meaning that I decline to eat animals because I am protesting their horrible treatment and slaughter. GM animals are bred to continuously give milk, to grow enormous, to provide more of what humans eat off of them, despite the physical agony it brings. That coupled with already nightmarish living conditions is a monsterous state of affairs. Then humans injest the modified DNA, the herbicides that the animals eat that was sprayed on their food, and the pesticides that was sprayed directly on the animals. It is not a practice of which I will be a part.
Okay, I’m stepping off my soapbox now. As promised, I have a curious, unrelated photo. I have to balance reality with humor to keep sane This was taken by my daughter as we left the area on our recent Oregon sojourn, and we ask ourselves, “Huh?” A really big blowhorn faced the wrong way? A jet engine, faced the wrong way? A hood ornament…. faced the wrong way? Something unusual that fell out from under the car? A neutron accelerator? I love the care of placing a skid under the thing to protect the hood, but cinching the straps so tightly it dents the sides! Another funny incongruency in life, which keeps that humor in living. Any suggestions as to what? Or better yet, why?
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Sun-Dried Fruit
When I look outside at the over 100 degree F. sunshine baking my property, I’m frustrated that I can’t use it all. I feel the same when it rains here in semi-desert San Diego county. I am hoping to purchase solar panels for my house, but until then I have my laundry on the line and fruit on the roof. Yep. The bounty of fruit and vegetables always appears during the hottest months, and I’ve spent many summers sweltering in the kitchen cooking jam and canning tomatoes. Something in my Celtic and Eastern European genes ignores the long growing season here and sends a message to my brain to preserve everything for the coming harsh winter imbedded in my genetic memory. Survival food for the blizzardy months! Um… yeah… reality check here. Although I try to eat locally grown seasonal produce, you can buy just about anything anytime of year here, although not without a decline in the quality. To give in to my desire to not waste sun energy or food this summer I’ve been slicing and drying fruit and vegetables on trays up on the roof, with excellent results.
If you have a flat sunny spot that ants haven’t found, you too can dry food. You don’t need to use preservatives. It is a great way to save bananas that are just about to go black, or the ends of the tomatoes that are too small to put on a sandwich. The most labor is in slicing the food and then later flipping it on the trays.
Sun-Dried Fruit and Vegetables
You will need:
Produce such as fresh apricots or other stonefruit, apples, pears, berries, tomatoes, squash.
Reflective cookie sheets (not Silpat)
Cheesecloth
Thinly slice produce such as apricots, tomatoes, apples, bananas, etc. You don’t have to peel stone-fruit or tomatoes; actually the skin helps hold the innards together. If you have produce with inedible skins such as melon or bananas, then by all means take it off. I like small pieces so that the dried fruit can be directly used in baking or on top of fresh fruit or cereal without having to be cut up again. (Snipping dried apricots with a scissors is soooo time-consuming). However, don’t slice them too small or when they dry they will turn into little dots which are hard to scrape up. You can leave small fruit such as blueberries and alpine strawberries whole but they may take longer to dry.
Place the sliced or whole fruit or vegetables on cookie sheets or pizza pans that are reflective aluminum. Space the fruit so that it isn’t touching, but the pieces can be very close together (they will shrink considerably).
Measure pieces of cheesecloth so that there is enough to cover the tops of the trays and hang over the sides so that it can be pulled taught and not touch the fruit.
Place prepared trays of covered fruit on the roof, on a hot porch, or anywhere it will not be invaded by ants. Leave the trays out all day until the sun is no longer on them, then bring them in for the night. Don’t leave them out in damp weather.
Using a sharp spatula, scrape up the fruit bits and turn them over, re-spacing them not to touch, and replace the cheesecloth.
The next day set the trays out again. Depending on how hot your roof is, the fruit should be dried at the end of the second day. If using whole fruit like blueberries or grapes, it may take a few days. Fruit is dried when there are no moist pockets in them.
Store the fruit in covered jars, and use during those bleak winter months when you plot your spring garden.
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Russian Mushroom and Potato Soup
This soup is one of my absolute comfort foods; its great for holidays, too, and isn’t difficult to make. Fresh dill works well with cold dishes, but doesn’t impart the correct flavor in cooked. Use freshly dried dill: its pungency makes this soup unforgettable. The salt content is a matter of choice, and of how much salt if any is in the vegetable broth. Potato-based dishes need more seasoning because potatoes absorb the salt, but be careful you don’t over do it! I’ve successfully doubled and tripled this recipe for guests. This is a heavier dish, so serve smaller portions with fresh rolls and maybe just fresh fruit or a light side salad. Yum!
5 Tblsp. Butter or butter replacement such as Earth Balance, or vegetable oil, divided
2 large shallots
2 large carrots, sliced thinly
6 cups vegetable broth
2 teaspoons dried dill weed (use freshly dried!)
1/2 to 1 teaspoon salt to taste
1/8 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 bay leaf
2 pounds baking potatoes, peeled and diced
1 pound fresh mushrooms (use a mix), sliced
1 cup half and half or water
¼ cup all-purpose flour
Fresh dill (optional) for garnish
Melt 3 tablespoons butter or oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Mix in shallots and carrots. Cook, stirring occasionally, 5 minutes. Pour in broth. Season with dill, salt, pepper and bay leaf. Mix in potatoes, cover and cook 20 minutes, or until potatoes are tender but firm. Remove and discard the bay leaf.
Melt the remaining butter in a skillet over medium heat, and sauté the mushrooms 5 minutes, until lightly browned and have given off moisture but not dried. Stir into the soup.
In a small bowl, mix the half-and-half or water and flour until smooth. Stir into soup to thicken. Add more salt if needed. Garnish each bowl of soup with fresh dill to serve.
Serves 8 main dishes.
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What to do with Pomegranates
Pomegranate trees are beautifully exotic. The deciduous shrub has glossy green leaves, bell-shaped crimson flowers that hummingbirds love, and heavy handfuls of round purse-shaped fruit loaded with edible seeds. In the heat of Southern California October, pomegranates evoke colorful images of ancient Persia, the splashing of cooling fountains and the scent of roses and orange blossoms. Closer to the holidays they are joyful decorations and eloquent additions to special menus.
This partially explains why on a dry and sweltering 99 degree October day I’ve gathered pomegranates off my tree, many of them split by the heat, and am laboriously harvesting the seeds dressed in my shorts and bikini top. I know I am doing myself a favor for later.
Whether you buy or grow pomegranates, there are three basic ways to prepare them: you break them open and eat the seeds, you remove the seeds to use in recipes, or you juice them. Actually, the seeds are the little black bits inside the red flesh, and what we call seeds are called arils. To make this easier on all of us, I’ll call them seeds.
To buy pomegranates, find heavy, glossy red fruits from September through about February. Make sure they don’t have any really soft spots on them. Store them decoratively in bowls for a week or two, or in the refrigerator for longer.
To eat fresh, find yourself a stain-proof area: this is messy and the juice stains. Cut the top off the fruit, make a slit down the side and with your thumbs or with the tip of the knife, pry it apart. This should be quite easy if the fruit is ripe. Inside are sections of glossy, deep red juicy seeds encased in a bitter white cushion called pith. If you say this word around anyone with a middle-school sense of humor you will be treated to an explosion of giggles. Anyway, you eat the seeds. They are not very sweet, but they should not be overly sour, either. Whether you just consume the juicy part and spit out the inner black bit (the real seed) or not is a matter of taste; they are good for spitting contests (outside!). However that little black seed holds the most fiber, so crunching away is healthier.
To juice, you can cut the fruit in half and use a juicer, or remove the seeds as noted below, and whirl gently in a blender. For either method you need to strain the juice through cheesecloth. The problem with the juicer method is that some pith does get into it, making the juice bitter. If you are using the juicer, a hand one or one that presses the fruit rather than an electric one that whirls is better. You don’t want any of the bitter pith to be grated into it. If using a blender, liquefy quickly without causing it to foam, or it won’t strain quickly. Two cups of seeds makes about one cup of juice. Drink as is, chilled or slightly warmed, or use to make molasses, syrup, grenadine, marinades and sauces. Store in the refrigerator.
Pomegranates are acidic so avoid using aluminum and carbon steel knives or pots as they can turn the juice bitter.
To prepare the seeds for recipes, this is what you do:
Dress in old clothes.
Set a bowl of water in the sink (this isn’t like shelling peas while sitting out on the porch rocker with the bowl on your lap. You need damage control!).
Put out a container for the pith. (!) I compost it, and hopefully you can compost, too.
Put out another bowl and a sieve for the finished seed.
Set up a cutting board with a paring knife.
Make sure you have a sponge handy.
Put on a good audio book or CD. I was listening to classical selections while doing this.
On the cutting board, slice the very top off a clean pomegranate and slice down the side, just through the outer layer. With your fingers or tip of the knife, crack the fruit open.
This is important: submerge the fruit in the bowl of water! (unless you like the ‘someone was just murdered here’ look for your kitchen walls). In the water, slide your fingers under the seeds to separate them from the pith, without squishing them much (you don’t want to lose the juice). If you start daydreaming and the fruit comes out of the water, it will squirt. Use that sponge on the walls, etc. Compost or discard the pith and shell. Pick out any pith that is floating in the water. It is edible but bitter.
When finished, or when the bowl is getting full, some of the extra pith will be floating on the top, so try draining it off, or skimming it with a small sieve. Then drain the seeds into a large sieve and put them in a bowl until you have seeded all the fruit you are going to do, or are just tired from standing.
The seeds can now be used fresh in recipes, juiced, or frozen in sealed freezer baggies. One 9 oz pomegranate holds about ¾ a cup of seeds. I’ve used frozen seeds on top of fruit salads or with certain main dishes over the holidays.
I’ve let smaller, less ripe pomegranates stand on flat platters (not touching) as decorations, and they have dried well for use in arrangements.
Nutrition:
One half cup of arils (87g) has 80 calories, zero fat and 5 grams of dietary fiber (if you eat the whole aril), one gram of protein, and vitamin C, iron, and very high amounts of antioxidants.
The Pomegranate in History:
Many scholars believe that Eve’s apple in the first book of the Christian Bible was actually a pomegranate, which is the right size, shape color, and most importantly, grew in that area. The name pomegranate comes from the Latin word for apple, pomum and seeded, granatus. Indeed, the heavy red fruit with crimson arils bursting with juice against the soft white pith can be, lets say, food for thought. Ahem. No surprise then, is its symbol of fertility, new life, and most good things. Pomegranates hold strong symbolic meaning in Judaism and the Greek Orthodox Church. In Greek mythology, Persephone was tricked into eating pomegranate seeds by her kidnapper Hades, and could only then return to the world that many seasons (the number varies depending on the number of dry seasons). During the months of Persephone’s absence, her mother Demeter’s (goddess of the harvest) mourning kept anything from growing, explaining winter.
Trivia: the Spanish capitol was renamed Grenada after the fruit during the Moorish occupation.